Fiat / issuer reservesRank #5
USD1World Liberty Financial USD1
BitGo Trust Company, Inc. / BitGo Technologies LLC
- Market cap
- $4.4B
- Circulating supply
- 4.4B
- Networks
- 2
EIP/ERC standards & compliance
Full USD1 profile: ERC-20, permit, proxy patterns, cross-chain, flash loans, and compliance EIPs — with implementation notes and verified contract context.
Overview
USD-backed stablecoin branded by World Liberty Financial and issued by BitGo. Official WLFI documentation says USD1 is redeemable 1:1 for USD and backed by short-term U.S. government treasuries, U.S. government money market funds, U.S. dollar deposits, and other cash equivalents. WLFI markets USD1 as a multichain stablecoin with BitGo handling issuance, reserve custody, and redemptions.
Supply by chain
Market cap
$4.4B
Circulating supply
4.4B
Supply chains
8
| Chain | Supply | Market cap | Share |
|---|---|---|---|
| BSC | 1.8B | $1.8B | 41.1% |
| Ethereum | 1.8B | $1.8B | 39.7% |
| Solana | 810.6M | $810M | 18.3% |
| Abcore | 18.5M | $18M | 0.42% |
| Aptos | 11.4M | $11M | 0.26% |
| Tron | 10.1M | $10M | 0.23% |
| Monad | 162.2K | $162K | 0.00% |
| Plume Mainnet | 1.2K | $1K | 0.00% |
| Current circulating supply by chain from DeFiLlama. Small supply footprints are grouped after the top 12 chains and may include bridged or non-curated deployments. | |||
Features
Engineering-oriented breakdown of capabilities: standards, who they matter for, integration rationale, per-feature risks, and vetted external references (specs, docs, verified source).
Primary Ethereum verified source: Etherscan
| Feature | Standards | Audience | Why it matters | Risk / caveat | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BitGo qualified custody compliance | — | Corporate | Official USD1 documentation says reserve assets are held or maintained by BitGo Trust and/or BitGo Tech, so diligence should focus on the issuer-custodian stack rather than the token contract alone. | Counterparty to custodian and issuer; early-stage disclosure may be limited. | |
Chainlink real-time Proof of Reserves compliance |
| Both | PoR oracle pulls live BitGo custody data on-chain so any contract can verify reserve ratio without trusting WLFI — useful for oracle-gated mint/burn or risk circuit-breakers. | PoR depends on Chainlink liveness and BitGo feeding correct data; oracle stall or deviation can block dependent protocols. | |
BitGo monthly attestations compliance | — | Corporate | Monthly attestation reports provide periodic reserve confirmation, but they are still point-in-time reports rather than continuous on-chain proof. | Attestation lag vs real-time market; scope and criteria can change between periods. | |
Multi-chain deployment cross chain | — | Both | Only explorer-verified native deployments are listed (Ethereum, BNB Chain) — other chains are omitted until canonical contract IDs are confirmed. Always pin the address from the issuer before integrating. | Wrong address integration is total loss; phishing and fake USD1 tokens are common for high-profile launches. | — |
Institutional partner focus compliance | — | Corporate | Distribution skews to partner venues (Binance, Abu Dhabi MGX) — on-chain liquidity depth may lag top stables. | Concentration and listing risk; thin AMM liquidity on some chains; political exposure tied to WLFI affiliations. | — |
Standard ERC-20/BEP-20 admin compliance |
| Corporate | Typical centralized stable pattern — mint, burn, and freeze admin functions; read verified source before integrating. | Admin key compromise is catastrophic; freeze risk for users. No formal smart contract audit from a recognized firm publicly disclosed. |
EIP / ERC support matrix
Standards & compliance support for USD1. Click an EIP to jump to the global deep-dive section.
| Standard | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Core | ||
| ERC-20 Fungible token standard | Implemented | Standard ERC-20 integration, with separate EIP-712 and EIP-2612 permit support documented in the current contract implementation. |
| Signatures & typed data | ||
| EIP-712 Typed structured data signing | Implemented | Typed-data signing for permit and similar flows matches standard ERC-20Permit patterns. |
| EIP-2612 Permit — gasless ERC-20 approval | Implemented | Enables gasless approvals and USDC-class DeFi router integration on supported deployments. |
| EIP-3009 transferWithAuthorization | Not implemented | Single-transaction payment flows not possible without this. Would need to be added as an upgrade. |
| EIP-1271 Signature validation for smart contracts | Not implemented | Smart contract wallets (Safe, AA wallets) cannot natively sign USD1 permits. EOA co-signers or Permit2 are required for institutional custody workflows that depend on contract-signed permits. |
| Upgradeability & proxies | ||
| EIP-1967 Standard proxy storage slots | Implemented | Standard proxy tooling and implementation tracking apply on EVM deployments. |
| EIP-1822 UUPS — universal upgradeable proxy | Not implemented | Treat USD1 as non-UUPS unless a verified implementation proves otherwise. |
| Vaults & yield | ||
| ERC-4626 Tokenized yield vault standard | Not implemented | Protocols need external wrappers or vault products for ERC-4626 compatibility. |
| Compliance | ||
| Freeze Address freezing / blacklisting | Implemented | Standard freeze-check pattern. USD1 is a newer entrant — verify the operational procedures and key management around freeze authority. |
| Seize Fund seizure / clawback | Not implemented | Frozen USD1 remains in totalSupply() and balanceOf(). No surprise supply changes from seizure. The permanently non-renounceable ownership is a notable design choice — the admin key can never be burned. |
| Pause Global transfer pause | Implemented | Standard pause risk model. The non-renounceable ownership combined with the proxy architecture means an admin authority retains full control permanently. |
| Cross-chain | ||
| ERC-7802 Crosschain token interface | Not implemented | Verify deployment on each target chain independently. |
| Flash Loans | ||
| ERC-3156 Flash loans | Not implemented | Use external flash loan providers. |
| Data sourced from verified Etherscan contract source code. Implementations may differ across networks — always verify on the specific chain you integrate with. | ||
Technical notes
- 18 decimals.
- Source code public at worldliberty/usd1-smart-contracts (Foundry/Solidity).
- TransparentUpgradeableProxy (EIP-1967) confirmed.
- Conforms to EIP-20, EIP-712, EIP-2612.
- Freeze capability.
- EVM contract 0x8d0d000ee44948fc98c9b98a4fa4921476f08b0d on Ethereum and BNB Chain (verified).
- WLFI advertises additional chains, but only explorer-verified deployments are listed here.
- Proof of reserves uses a Chainlink oracle, while formal reserve reporting is published separately in monthly attestation reports.
Reserves & peg
- Reserves
- USD, US Treasuries, cash equivalents — BitGo custody
- Collateral
- Fiat and Treasuries (off-chain)
- Peg mechanism
- Hard 1:1 via issuer redemption
- Auditor
- Independent third-party reserve examinations, plus monthly attestation reports and Chainlink-powered proof of reserves
Ecosystem
- DeFi integration
- CEX only — Binance, select exchanges
- Yield
- None
Risk factors
highPolitical and regulatory exposuremediumCentralisationhighNew issuer limited track recordmediumNo DeFi depth
Technical references
Block explorers
Networks & contracts
Deployments by chain — primary rows are highlighted. Always verify addresses against issuer docs before mainnet integrations.
Engineering deep dive
Integration notes
USD1 is early-stage with verify-before-ship contract hygiene: source canonical addresses and reserve disclosures from official USD1 / WLFI / BitGo materials only, and re-check before mainnet deployments.
Custody
BitGo custody and partner-led distribution dominate, so plan integrations around upgrade, freeze, and reserve-reporting patterns typical of centralised stables.